Glacier Area, Mass and Associated Glacial Lake Change in Kawari basin, Western Nepal

Abstract

Due to ongoing global climate change, the glaciers in the Himalaya are shrinking and the glacial lakes are increasing in number and area. This study investigates the glacier area change, mass balance and associated glacial lake evolution in the headwaters of Kawari basin, western Nepal using optical remote sensing images. The results indicate that eleven glaciers in the study area have shrunk by 1.64 km² between 1994 and 2021. In the same period, due to glacier recession glacial lake formed and expanded by 0.0103 km2 yr^-1 reaching 0.34±0.042 km² in 2021. Surface elevation change of glaciers revealed that the ablation zone of glacier thinned up to -8.18 m between 2000 and 2019. The specific mass balance of eleven glaciers was calculated to be -0.3 m w. e. yr^-1 from 2000 to 2019. The study of glaciers is important as they are visible signals of climate change, and their changes often impact water resources and mountain hydrology.